Share:


Enterprise risk management disclosure and CEO characteristics: an empirical study of go public companies in Indonesia

Abstract

Organizations can use enterprise risk management disclosures to share financial and non-financial risk information with external stakeholders. Chief Executive Officer (CEO) has a key role in enterprise risk management. This study examines the relationship between Indonesian CEOs’ characteristics and enterprise risk management disclosure. Purposive sampling is the basis for the process of gathering samples from the population. The research was conducted in 2020 and consisted of 475 non-financial Indonesian companies that were listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. The findings of previously released annual reports may be found on the websites of both the Indonesia Stock Exchange and individual companies. These secondary sources were used to compile the study data. The ISO framework index 31000:2018 is utilized to evaluate the Enterprise risk management (ERM) disclosure. Eviews10’s implementation of multiple regression serves as the basis for the analysis. The findings indicate that CEO overconfidence and CEO tenure influence enterprise risk management disclosure, while CEO financial expertise and CEO gender did not have an effect on enterprise risk management disclosure. The innovation of this research is investigating CEOs’ characteristics by psychological characteristics, namely CEO overconfidence and measurement of ERM disclosure based on the ISO 31000:2018 framework which is the latest standard of risk management.

Keyword : enterprise risk management disclosure, CEO overconfidence, financial expertise, gender, tenure

How to Cite
Trisnawati, R., Mustikawati, S., & Sasongko, N. (2023). Enterprise risk management disclosure and CEO characteristics: an empirical study of go public companies in Indonesia. Business: Theory and Practice, 24(2), 379–391. https://doi.org/10.3846/btp.2023.18505
Published in Issue
Aug 31, 2023
Abstract Views
953
PDF Downloads
748
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

References

Abad, D., Lucas-Pérez, M. E., Minguez-Vera, A., & Yagüe, J. (2017). Does gender diversity on corporate boards reduce information asymmetry in equity markets? Business Research Quarterly, 20(3), 192–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brq.2017.04.001

Abkowitz, M., & Camp, J. (2017). Structuring an enterprise risk assessment protocol: Traditional practice and new methods. Risk Management and Insurance Review, 20(1), 79–97. https://doi.org/10.1111/rmir.12068

Acharyya, M., & Brady, C. (2014). Designing an enterprise risk management curriculum for business studies: Insights from a pilot program. Risk Management and Insurance Review, 17(1), 113–136. https://doi.org/10.1111/rmir.12019

Achyani, F., Trisnawati, R., & Mulato, F. Y. (2020). Pengaruh Karakteristik Perusahaan Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Dengan Intellectual Capital Sebagai Variabel Moderasi. JIFA (Journal of Islamic Finance and Accounting), 3(1). https://doi.org/10.22515/jifa.v3i1.2349

Adam, T. R., Fernando, C. S., & Golubeva, E. (2015). Managerial overconfidence and corporate risk management. Journal of Banking & Finance, 60, 195–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2015.07.013

Ahmad, R. A. R., Norhidayah, A., Jamel, N. E. S. M., & Omar, N. (2015). Board characteristics and risk management and internal control disclosure level: Evidence from Malaysia. Procedia Economics and Finance, 31(2015), 601–610. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)01147-8

Ahmed, K., & Courtis, J. K. (1999). Associations between corporate characteristics and disclosure levels in annual reports: A meta-analysis. British Accounting Review, 31(1), 35–61. https://doi.org/10.1006/bare.1998.0082

Al-baab, M. M., & Yunia, D. (2017). Pengaruh Management Tenure, Executive Gender Diversity Dan Institutional Ownership Terhadap Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure (CSRD). Simposium Nasional Akuntansi XX, Jember, 1–24.

Alazzani, A., Wan-Hussin, W. N., & Jones, M. (2019). Muslim CEO, women on boards and corporate responsibility reporting: Some evidence from Malaysia. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 10(2), 117–126. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-01-2017-0002

Ali, M. M., Bakar, R. A., & Ghani, E. K. (2018). The effect of firm internal and external characteristics on risk reporting practices among Malaysian listed firms. Indonesian Journal of Sustainability Accounting and Management, 2(2), 121–135. https://doi.org/10.28992/ijsam.v2i2.53

Ali, M. M., & Taylor, D. W. (2014). Corporate risk disclosure in Malaysia: The influence of predispositions of chief executive officers and chairs of audit committee. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 5(2), 92–106.

Aljifri, K., & Hussainey, K. (2007). The determinants of forward-looking information in annual reports of UAE companies. Managerial Auditing Journal, 22(9), 881–894. https://doi.org/10.1108/02686900710829390

Allini, A., Rossi, F. M., & Hussainey, K. (2016). The board’s role in risk disclosure: An exploratory study of Italian listed state-owned enterprises. Public Money & Management, 36(2), 113–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540962.2016.1118935

Alqatamin, R., Aribi, Z. A., & Arun, T. (2017). The Effect of CEOs’ characteristics on forward-looking information. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 18(4), 402–424. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-03-2016-0027

Amran, A., Manaf, A., & Bin, R. (2009). Risk reporting: An exploratory study on risk management disclosure in Malaysian annual reports. Managerial Auditing Journal, 24(1), 39–57. https://doi.org/10.1108/02686900910919893

Arifah, E., & Wirajaya, I. G. A. (2018). Pengaruh Pengungkapan ERM terhadap Nilai Perusahaandengan Ukuran Perusahaan, Leverage dan Profitabilitas sebagai Variabel Kontrol. E-Jurnal Akuntansi Universitas Udayana, 25(2), 1607–1633. https://doi.org/10.24843/EJA.2018.v25.i02.p30

Bamber, L. S., & Wang, I. Y. (2010). What’s my style? The influence of top managers on voluntary corporate financial disclosure. Midwest Accounting Research Conference, 85(4), 1131–1162. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2010.85.4.1131

Baxter, R., Hoitash, R., & Yezegel, A. R. I. (2013). Enterprise risk management program quality: Determinants, value relevance, and the financial crisis*. Contemporary Accounting Research, 30(4), 1264–1295. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1911-3846.2012.01194.x

Bufarwa, I. M., Elamer, A. A., Ntim, C. G., & Alhares, A. (2020). Gender diversity, corporate governance and financial risk disclosure in the UK governance. International Journal of Law and Management, 62(6), 521–538. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-10-2018-0245

Cain, M. D., & Mckeon, S. B. (2016). CEO personal risk-taking and corporate policies. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 51(1), 139–164. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022109016000041

Chartpolrak, P., & Tangthong, S. (2020). Causes and effects between an enterprise risk management framework and firm financial performance for energy efficiency services. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 14(11), 882–917.

Chatterjee, A., & Hambrick, D. C. (2007). It’s all about me: Narcissistic chief executive officers and their effects on company strategy and performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 52(3), 351–386. https://doi.org/10.2189/asqu.52.3.351

Chiu, S. C., & Sharfman, M. (2018). Corporate social irresponsibility and executive succession: An empirical examination. Journal of Business Ethics, 149(3), 707–723. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3089-7

Citrin, J. M., Hildebrand, C. A., & Stark, R. J. (2019). The CEO life cycle. Harvard Business Review.

CRMS Indonesia. (2018). Survey Nasional Manajemen Risiko 2018. CRMS Indonesia (pp. 1–37). https://crmsindonesia.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/CRMS-Indonesia-Survei-Nasional-Manajemen-Risiko-2018.pdf

Custódio, C., & Metzger, D. (2014). Financial expert CEOs: CEO’s work experience and firm’s financial policies. Journal of Financial Economics, 114(1), 125–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2014.06.002

Dhaliwal, D. S., Radhakrishnan, S., Tsang, A., & Yang, Y. G. (2012). Nonfinancial disclosure and analyst forecast accuracy: International evidence on corporate social responsibility disclosure. The Accounting Review, 87(3), 723–759. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-10218

Faccio, M., Marchica, M., & Mura, R. (2016). CEO gender, corporate risk-taking, and the efficiency of capital allocation. Journal of Corporate Finance, 39, 193–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2016.02.008

Faisal, M. (2020). Karakteristrik CEO dan Enterprise Risk Management. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 8(1), 109–120.

Farag, H., & Mallin, C. (2016). The influence of CEO demographic characteristics on corporate risk-taking: Evidence from Chinese IPOs. The European Journal of Finance, 24(16), 1528–1551. https://doi.org/10.1080/1351847X.2016.1151454

Francoeur, C., Labelle, R., & Sinclair-Desgagné, B. (2008). Gender diversity in corporate governance and top management. Journal of Business Ethics, 81(1), 83–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9482-5

Hambrick, D. C., & Mason, P. A. (1984). Upper echelons: The organization as a reflection of its top managers. Academy of Management Review, 9(2), 193–206. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1984.4277628

Handajani, L., Subroto, B., T, S., & Saraswati, E. (2014). Does board diversity matter on corporate social disclosure? An Indonesian evidence. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 5(9), 8–16.

Hirshleifer, D., Low, A., & Teoh, S. H. (2012). Are overconfident CEOs better innovators? The Journal of Finance, 67(4), 1457–1498. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2012.01753.x

Hoyt, R. E., & Liebenberg, A. P. (2011). The value of enterprise risk management. The Journal of Risk and Insurance, 78(4), 795–822. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6975.2011.01413.x

Hubbard, T. D., Christensen, D. M., & Graffin, S. D. (2017). Higher highs and lower lows: The role of corporate social responsibility in CEO dismissal. Startegic Management Journal, 38(11), 2255–2265. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2646

Iswajuni, I., Manasikana, A., & Soetedjo, S. (2018). The effect of enterprise risk management (ERM) on firm value in manufacturing companies listed on Indonesian Stock Exchange year 2010–2013. Asian Journal of Accounting Research, 3(2), 224–235. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJAR-06-2018-0006

Jannah, L., Aulia, D., & Sumunar, K. I. (2020). Enterprise Risk Management Disclosure, Komite Manajemen Risiko dan Nilai Perusahaan. Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia, 5(8), 595–604. https://doi.org/10.36418/syntax-literate.v5i8.1557

Kartikarini, N., & Mutmainah, S. (2013). Analisis Pengaruh Diversitas Gender Terhadap Voluntary Corporate Governance Disclosure Dalam Laporan Tahunan Perusahaan. Diponegoro Journal of Accounting, 2(1), 1–15.

Khan, T. M., Gang, B., Fareed, Z., & Khan, A. (2020). How does CEO tenure affect corporate social and environmental disclosures in China? Moderating role of information intermediaries and independent board. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 9204–9220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11315-9

Khandelwal, C., Kumar, S., Madhavan, V., & Pandey, N. (2020). Do board characteristics impact corporate risk disclosures? The Indian experience. Journal of Business Research, 121(July), 103–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.08.004

Khaw, K. L., & Liao, J. (2018). Board gender diversity and its risk monitoring role: Is it significant? Asian Academy of Management Journal of Accounting and Finance, 14(1), 83–106. https://doi.org/10.21315/aamjaf2018.14.1.4

Kiflee, A. K. R. bin, Khan, M. N. A. bin A., & Bosi, M. K. (2020). Risk reporting environment in Malaysia and the influence of corporate governance mechanisms risk reporting environment in Malaysia and the influence of corporate governance mechanisms. Research in Business and Social Sciences, 1(4), 552–573. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v10-i4/7155

Kim, J. (2021). Extending upper echelon theory to top managers’ characteristics, management practice, and quality of public service in local government. Local Government Studies, 48(3), 556–577. https://doi.org/10.1080/03003930.2021.1882427

Lestari, W. D., Suci, D. P., & Sholahuddin, M. (2017). Beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi profitabilitas perbankan di indonesia. BENEFIT Jurnal Manajemen Dan Bisnis, 5(1), 31–49.

Li, D., Lin, A., & Zhang, L. (2019). Relationship between chief executive officer characteristics and corporate environmental information disclosure in Thailand. Frontiers of Engineering Management, 6(3), 564–574. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42524-019-0067-7

Linsley, P. M., & Shrives, P. J. (2005). Examining risk reporting in UK public companies. The Journal of Risk Finance, 6(4), 292–305. https://doi.org/10.1108/15265940510613633

Low, D. C. M., Roberts, H., & Whiting, R. H. (2015). Board gender diversity and firm performance: Empirical evidence from Hong Kong, South Korea, Malaysia and Singapore. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 35, 381–401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2015.02.008

Manita, R., Bruna, M. G., Dang, R., & Houanti, L. (2018). Board gender diversity and ESG disclosure: Evidence from the USA. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 19(2), 206–224. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-01-2017-0024

Mardani, A., Kristanto, A. B., & No, J. D. (2020). Karakteristik Direksi dan Pengungkapan Informasi Berwawasan Masa Depan. Dinamika Akuntansi, Keuangan Dan Perbankan, 9(1), 13–24.

Miller, D. (1991). Stale in the saddle: CEO tenure and the match between organization and environment. Management Science, 37(1), 34–52. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.37.1.34

Mohamed, E. Ben, Garoui, N., & Sweiti, I. (2020). On the Determinants of Environmental Information Disclosure: Evidences from Industrial Saudi Listed Firms. Agrociencia, 54(1), 62–77.

Murphy, D., & Mcgrath, D. (2013). ESG reporting – class actions, deterrence, and avoidance. Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, 4(2), 216–235. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAMPJ-Apr-2012-0016

Nalikka, A. (2009). Impact of gender diversity on voluntary disclosure in annual reports. Accounting & Taxation, 1(1), 101–113.

Nurmayanti, P., & Rakhman, F. (2017). CEO origin, CEO tenure, and earnings quality: Empirical evidence from Indonesia. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Governance Andalas, 3(1), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20173407003

Pan, Y., Wang, T. Y., & Weisbach, M. S. (2015). Learning about CEO ability and stock return volatility. The Review of Financial Studies, 28(6), 1623–1666. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhv014

Panditharathna, K. M. (2019). Corporate governance and voluntary disclosure level; Evidence from manufacturing companies in Sri Lanka. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 9(12), 720–730. https://doi.org/10.29322/IJSRP.9.12.2019.p9691

Park, K., Byun, J., & Choi, P. M. S. (2020). Managerial overconfidence, corporate social responsibility activities, and financial constraints. Sustainability, 12(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12010061

Park, S. Y., Korea, S., Yoo, K. H., & Korea, S. (2016). CEO career concerns and voluntary disclosure. The Journal of Applied Business Research, 32(6), 1603–1628. https://doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v32i6.9811

Peltomäki, J., Sihvonen, J., Swidler, S., & Vähämaa, S. (2021). Age, gender, and risk-taking: Evidence from the S & P 1500 executives and market-based measures of firm risk. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 48(9–10), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbfa.12528

Petrenko, O. V., Aime, F., Ridge, J., & Hill, A. (2015). Corporate social responsibility or CEO narcissism? CSR motivations and organizational performance. Strategic Management Journal, 37(2), 262–279. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2348

Prabowo, M. A., Jamin, M., Saputro, D. J., Mufraini, A., & Agustia, D. (2017). Female executive officers and corporate social responsibility disclosure: Evidence from the banking industry in an emerging market. Journal for Global Business Advancement, 10(6), 631–651. https://doi.org/10.1504/JGBA.2017.091944

Ramon-Llorens, M. C., Garcia-Meca, E., & Pucheta-Martí­nez, M. C. (2021). Female directors on boards. The impact of faultlines on CSR reporting. Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, 12(1), 156–183. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAMPJ-07-2019-0273

Rawson, C. (2021). Manager perception and proprietary investment disclosure. Review of Accounting Studies, 27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11142-021-09629-1

Rouf, A. M. (2016). Board diversity and corporate voluntary disclosure (CVD) in the Annual Reports of Bangladesh. Risk Governance & Control: Financial Markets & Institutions, 6(4), 48–55. https://doi.org/10.22495/rcgv6i4art7

Rustiarini, N. W. (2012). Corporate Governance, Konsentrasi Kepemilikan, dan Pengungkapan Enterprise Risk Management. Journal Manajemen Keuangan, Akuntabilitas, 11(2), 279–295.

Saggar, R., & Singh, B. (2017). Corporate governance and risk reporting: Indian evidence. Managerial Auditing Journal, 32(4/5), 378–405. https://doi.org/10.1108/MAJ-03-2016-1341

Salleh, F., Sharul, M., Sakawi, N., Jamaludin, N. H., Jasmi, N., Padzil, N. A., & Ramlan, M. H. (2020). What affects the adoption of enterprise risk management framework for public listed companies in Malaysia? A review. Journal of Critical Review, 7(11), 572–576.

Sassen, R., Hinze, A., & Hardeck, I. (2016). Impact of ESG factors on firm risk in Europe impact of ESG factors on firm risk in Europe. Journal of Business Economics, 86(8), 867–904. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11573-016-0819-3

Schrand, C. M., & Zechman, S. L. C. (2012). Executive overconfidence and the slippery slope to. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 53(1–2), 311–329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2011.09.001

Serfling, M. A. (2014). CEO age and the riskiness of corporate policies. Journal of Corporate Finance, 25, 251–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2013.12.013

Setiawati, E., & Ifgayani, N. N. (2021). Pengaruh Kualitas Audit, Leverage, Dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Manajemen Laba. Tangible: Jurnal Akuntansi Multiparadigma, 6(2), 76–87.

Soltanizadeh, S., Rasid, S. Z. A., Golshan, N. M., & Wan Ismail, W. K. (2016). Business strategy, enterprise risk management and organizational performance. Management Research Review, 39(9). https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-05-2015-0107

Sudana, I. M., & Dwiputri, E. (2018). Karakteristik CEO dan Kinerja Perusahaan Non-Keuangan Yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Indonesia, 5(3), 299–314. https://doi.org/10.31843/jmbi.v5i3.169

Sumunar, K. I., & Djakman, C. D. (2020). CEO overconfidence, ESG disclosure, and firm risk. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan Indonesia, 17(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.21002/jaki.2020.01

Sweiti, I. M. (2017). On the influence of the board’s financial education on voluntary disclosure: Evidence from Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 4(2), 128–133. https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2017.02.021

Syabani, A., & Siregar, S. V. (2014). Determinants of risk disclosure level: Case of Indonesia. The Indonesian Journal of Accounting Research, 17(2), 207–226.

Tarantika, R. A., & Solikhah, B. (2019). Pengaruh Karakteristik Perusahaan, Karakteristik Dewan Komisaris dan Reputasi Auditor Terhadap Pengungkapan Manajemen Risiko. Journal of Economic, Management, Accounting and Technology (JEMATech), 2(2), 142–155. https://doi.org/10.32500/jematech.v2i2.722

Tarus, T. K. (2020). Journal of business management and does corporate governance mechanisms matter in explaining risk management? Evidence from Non‐Financial Kenyan listed firms. Journal of Business Management and Economic Research, 4(4), 318–334. https://doi.org/10.29226/TR1001.2020.213

Ting, I. W. K., Lean, H. H., Kweh, Q. L., & Azizan, N. A. (2016). Managerial overconfidence, government intervention and corporate financing decision. International Journal of Managerial Finance, 12(1), 4–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMF-04-2014-0041

Trisnawati, N. L. D. E., Gorda, A. A. N. E. S., Asmara, I. N., & Rasmini, N. K. (2019). The influence of enterprise risk management (ERM) Disclosure to the value of firm on the stage of the company life cycle with managerial ownership as a moderating variable. International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI), 8(04), 44–52.

Triyono, T., Kusumastuti, A., & Palupi, I. D. (2019). The influence of profitability, assets structure, firm size, business risk, sales growth, and dividend policy on capital structure. Riset Akuntansi Dan Keuangan Indonesia, 4(3), 101–111. https://doi.org/10.23917/reaksi.v4i3.9340

Varadina, A. P. D., & Diatmika, N. G. A. (2018). Hubungan CEO Gender dan Leverage dengan Konservatisme Akuntansi pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2015–2017. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Dan Bisnis, 3(1), 36–45.

Yang, S., Ishtiaq, M., & Anwar, M. (2018). Enterprise risk management practices and firm performance, the mediating role of competitive advantage and the moderating role of financial literacy. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm11030035

Yang, W., Yang, J., & Gao, Z. (2019). Do female board directors promote corporate social responsibility? An empirical study based on the critical mass theory. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 55(15), 3452–3471. https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2019.1657402

Zango, A. G., Kamardin, H., & Ishak, R. (2016). Audit quality, board gender and financial risk disclosure. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 6(S4), 55–61.