Share:


Living with floods and reconnecting to the water – landscape planning and design for delta plains

    Yan Huang Affiliation
    ; Eckart Lange Affiliation
    ; Yichao Ma Affiliation

Abstract

Although there is a consensus that landscape planning and design can play a positive role in flood mitigation, few specific reviews have explored how the strategies of landscape architecture could play a more effective and beneficial role in flood control. Focusing on the related knowledge about hydraulics, ecology, and practices of flood control, the paper explores the application of resilience theory on providing an improved theoretical framework for landscape planning and design for floods, especially for floods in delta plains, and highlights characteristics of different scales of flood control to landscape architecture. Three main types of technical means are discussed: water channel morphology and processes adjustment; riparian corridor and riparian buffer; and flood-specific landscape structural measures.

Keyword : flood control, flood resilience, landscape resilience, delta plain floods, landscape planning, landscape design

How to Cite
Huang, Y., Lange, E., & Ma, Y. (2022). Living with floods and reconnecting to the water – landscape planning and design for delta plains. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 30(1), 206-219. https://doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2022.16352
Published in Issue
Apr 22, 2022
Abstract Views
1090
PDF Downloads
732
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

References

Apel, H., Thieken, A. H., Merz, B., & Blöschl, G. (2004). Flood risk assessment and associated uncertainty. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 4(2), 295–308. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-4-295-2004

Azizat, N., & Omar, W. M. S. W. (2018). Spatial and temporal flood risk assessment for decision making approach. IOP Materials Science and Engineering Conference Series, 318(1), 012022. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/318/1/012022

Barlow, J., Moore, F., & Burgess-Gamble, L. (2014). Working with natural processes to reduce flood risk: Research and development framework (Report No. SC130004/R2). https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/working-with-natural-processes-to-reduce-flood-risk-a-research-and-development-framework

Beller, E., Robinson, A., Grossinger, R., & Grenier, L. (2015). Landscape resilience framework: Operationalizing ecological resilience at the landscape scale. San Francisco Estuary Institute.

Berg, P. G., Ignatieva, M., Granvik, M., & Hedfors, P. (2013). Green-blue infrastructure in urban-rural landscapes – introducing Resilient Citylands. Nordic Journal of Architectural Research, 25(2), 11–42.

Berkes, F. (2007). Understanding uncertainty and reducing vulnerability: Lessons from resilience thinking. Natural Hazards, 41(2), 283–295. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-006-9036-7

Church, J. A., Clark, P. U., Cazenave, A., Gregory, J. M., Jevrejeva, S., Levermann, A., Merrifield, M. A., Milne, G. A., Nerem, R. S., Nunn, P. D., Payne, A. J., Pfeffer, W. T., Stammer, D., & Unnikrishnan, A. S. (2013). Sea level change. In T. F. Stocker, D. Qin, G. K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S. K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex, & P. M. Midgley (Eds.), Climate change 2013: The physical science basis (pp. 1137–1216). Cambridge University Press.

Commission of the European Communities. (2006). Proposal for a Directive on the assessment and management of floods (COM (2006)15 final). Brussels. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A52006SC0066

Crichton, D. (1999). The risk triangle. In J. Ingleton (Ed.), Natural disaster management (pp. 102–103). Tudor Rose.

De Bruijn, K. M. (2004). Resilience and flood risk management. Water Policy, 6(1), 53–66. https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2004.0004

Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. (2004). Making space for water. Developing a new government strategy for flood and coastal erosion risk management in England. A consultation exercise. DEFRA Publications.

Deutsches Komitee für Katastrophenvorsorge e.V. (2003). Hochwasservorsorge in Deutschland. Lernen aus der Katastrophe 2002 im Elbegebiet [Flood prevention in Germany. Learning from the disaster 2002 in the River Elbe basin]. DKKV, Bonn, Germany.

Dietz, M. E. (2007). Low impact development practices: A review of current research and recommendations for future directions. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 186(1), 351–363. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-007-9484-z

Dixit, A. (2003). Floods and vulnerability: Need to rethink flood management. Natural Hazards, 28(1), 155–179. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021134218121

Doocy, S., Daniels, A., Packer, C., Dick, A., & Kirsch, T. D. (2013). The human impact of earthquakes: A historical review of events 1980–2009 and systematic literature review. PLoS Currents, 5.

European Commission. (2016). Policy topics: Nature-based solutions. https://ec.europa.eu/research/environment/index.cfm?Pg=nbs

Evans, E. P., Ramsbottom, D. M., Wicks, J. M., Packman, J. C., & Penning-Rowsell, E. C. (2002). Catchment flood management plans and the modelling and decision support framework. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers – Civil Engineering, 150(5), 43–48. https://doi.org/10.1680/cien.2002.150.5.43

Fainstein, S. S. (2018). Resilience and justice: Planning for New York City. Urban Geography, 39(8), 1268–1275. https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2018.1448571

Faulkner, H., Alexander, M., & Leedal, D. (2014). Translating uncertainty in flood risk science. In H. Jim (Ed.), Applied uncertainty analysis for flood risk management (pp. 627–662). Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1142/9781848162716_0024

Grabs, W., Tyagi, A. C., & Hyodo, M. (2007). Integrated flood management. Water Science and Technology, 56(4), 97–103. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.541

Graham, L., Debucquoy, W., & Anguelovski, I. (2016). The influence of urban development dynamics on community resilience practice in New York City after Superstorm Sandy: Experiences from the Lower East Side and the Rockaways. Global Environmental Change, 40, 112–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.07.001

Gregory, S. V. (1997). Riparian management in the 21st century. In K. A. Kohm & J. F. Franklin (Eds.), Creating a forestry for the 21st century (pp. 69–85). Island Press.

Guida, R. J., Swanson, T. L., Remo, J. W., & Kiss, T. (2015). Strategic floodplain reconnection for the Lower Tisza River, Hungary: Opportunities for flood-height reduction and floodplain-wetland reconnection. Journal of Hydrology, 521, 274–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.11.080

Hall, J., & Solomatine, D. (2008). A framework for uncertainty analysis in flood risk management decisions. International Journal of River Basin Management, 6(2), 85–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/15715124.2008.9635339

Hehl-Lange, S., & Lange, E. (2019). The big picture: Landscape dynamics in the Pearl River Delta. Landscape Architecture, 26(9), 23–30. https://doi.org/10.14085/j.fjyl.2019.09.0023.08

Hooijer, A., Klijn, F., Pedroli, G. B. M., & Van Os, A. G. (2004). Towards sustainable flood risk management in the Rhine and Meuse river basins: synopsis of the findings of IRMA‐SPONGE. River Research and Applications, 20(3), 343–357. https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.781

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2007). Climate change 2007: The physical science basis (IPCC WGI Fourth Assessment Report). https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar4/wg1/

Johnson, C. W., & Buffler, S. (2008). Riparian buffer design guidelines for water quality and wildlife habitat functions on agricultural landscapes in the Intermountain West (General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-203). Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. https://doi.org/10.2737/RMRS-GTR-203

Jones, P., & Macdonald, N. (2007). Making space for unruly water: Sustainable drainage systems and the disciplining of surface runoff. Geoforum, 38(3), 534–544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2006.10.005

Jonkman, S. N. (2005). Global perspectives on loss of human life caused by floods. Natural Hazards, 34(2), 151–175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-004-8891-3

Kron, W. (2002). Flood risk = hazard x exposure x vulnerability. In Wu, M. et al. (Eds.), Flood defence (pp. 82–97). Science Press.

Kundzewicz, Z. W. (2002). Non-structural flood protection and sustainability. Water International, 27(1), 3–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060208686972

Kundzewicz, Z. W., Hirabayashi, Y., & Kanae, S. (2010). River floods in the changing climate – observations and projections. Water Resources Management, 24(11), 2633–2646. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-009-9571-6

Lafortezza, R., Chen, J., Van Den Bosch, C. K., & Randrup, T. B. (2018). Nature-based solutions for resilient landscapes and cities. Environmental Research, 165, 431–441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.11.038

Lennon, M., Scott, M., & O’Neill, E. (2014). Urban design and adapting to flood risk: The role of green infrastructure. Journal of Urban Design, 19(5), 745–758. https://doi.org/10.1080/13574809.2014.944113

Liao, K. H. (2012). A theory on urban resilience to floods-a basis for alternative planning practices. Ecology and Society, 17(4), 48. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-05231-170448

Maksimovic, C., & Todorovic, Z. (1996). Urban drainage as a part of river basin management. In J. Marsalek (Ed.), Hydroinformatics tools for planning, design, operation and rehabilitation of Sewer Systems. Springer.

Mayer, P. M., Reynolds Jr, S. K., McCutchen, M. D., & Canfield, T. J. (2007). Meta‐analysis of nitrogen removal in riparian buffers. Journal of Environmental Quality, 36(4), 1172–1180. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0462

Menne, B., & Murray, V. (2013). Floods in the WHO European Region: Health effects and their prevention (Report, World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe). Copenhagen. http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/environment-and-health/Climate-change/publications/2013/floods-in-the-who-european-region-health-effects-and-their-prevention

Milly, P. C. D., Wetherald, R. T., Dunne, K. A., & Delworth, T. L. (2002). Increasing risk of great floods in a changing climate. Nature, 415, 514–517. https://doi.org/10.1038/415514a

Munich Reinsurance Company. (2010). Topics geo, natural catastrophes 2009: Analysis, assessment, positions.

Ngai, R., Wilkinson, M., Nisbet, T., Harvey, R., Addy, S., Burgess-Gamble, L., Rose, S., Maslen, S., Nicholson, A., Page, T., Jonczyk, J., & Quinn, P. (2017). Working with Natural Processes – Evidence Directory. Appendix 2 (Report No. SC150005). Environmental Agency. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/working-with-natural-processes-to-reduce-flood-risk

Ollero, A. (2010). Channel changes and floodplain management in the meandering middle Ebro River, Spain. Geomorphology, 117(3–4), 247–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.01.015

Osugi, T., Tate, S., Takemura, K., Watanabe, W., Ogura, N., & Kikkawa, J. (2007). Ecological research for the restoration and management of rivers and reservoirs in Japan. Landscape and Ecological Engineering, 3(2), 159–170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11355-007-0023-2

Parker, D. J. (2014). Floods. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315830889

Peden, A. E., Franklin, R. C., Leggat, P., & Aitken, P. (2017). Causal pathways of flood related river drowning deaths in Australia. PLOS Currents Disasters, 1, 1–24.

Pender, G., & Faulkner, H. (2010). Flood risk science and management. John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444324846

Pötz, H., & Bleuzé, P. (2011). Urban green – blue grids for sustainable and dynamic cities. Coop for Life, Delft, Netherland.

Prominski, M., Stokman, A., Stimberg, D., Voermanek, H., Zeller, S., & Bajc, K. (2017). River. Space. Design: Planning strategies, methods and projects for urban rivers. Birkhäuser. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783035610420

Qi, Y., Chan, F. K. S., Thorne, C., O’Donnell, E., Quagliolo, C., Comino, E., Pezzoli, A., Li, L., Griffiths, J., Sang, Y., & Feng, M. (2020). Addressing challenges of urban water management in Chinese Sponge Cities via nature-based solutions. Water, 12(10), 2788. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12102788

Rijke, J., van Herk, S., Zevenbergen, C., & Ashley, R. (2012). Room for the River: Delivering integrated river basin management in the Netherlands. International Journal of River Basin Management, 10(4), 369–382. https://doi.org/10.1080/15715124.2012.739173

Rose, C. W., Hogarth, W. L., Ghadiri, H., Parlange, J. Y., & Okom, A. (2002). Overland flow to and through a segment of uniform resistance. Journal of Hydrology, 255(1–4), 134–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00523-6

Samuels, P. G. (2000). An overview of flood estimation and flood prevention. In F. Toensmann & M. Koch (Eds.), River flood defence: Vol. 1, G1–G11 (Kassel Reports of Hydraulic Engineering). Herkules Verlag.

Sarewitz, D., Pielke Jr, R., & Keykhah, M. (2003). Vulnerability and risk: Some thoughts from a political and policy perspective. Risk Analysis: An International Journal, 23(4), 805–810. https://doi.org/10.1111/1539-6924.00357

Sayers, P., Yuanyuan, L., Galloway, G., Penning-Rowsell, E., Fuxin, S., Kang, W., Chen, Y., & Le Quesne, T. (2013). Flood risk management: A strategic approach. UNESCO.

Schanze, J. (2006). Flood risk management – a basic framework. In J. Schanze, E. Zeman, & J. Marsalek (Eds.), NATO Science Series: Vol. 67. Flood risk management: Hazards, vulnerability and mitigation measures (pp. 1–20). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4598-1

Shah, M. A. R., Rahman, A., & Chowdhury, S. H. (2018). Challenges for achieving sustainable flood risk management. Journal of Flood Risk Management, 11, S352–S358. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfr3.12211

Stadsregio Rotterdam. (2005). Ruimtelijk plan regio Rotterdam 2020. Stadsregio Rotterdam, Netherlands. http://www.williefikken.nl/wp-content/uploads/2005/02/Artikel-Kenmerken-2005_1-Strategische-milieubeoordeling-Ruimtelijk-plan-regio-Rotterdam.pdf

Stevens, A. J., Clarke, D., & Nicholls, R. J. (2016). Trends in reported flooding in the UK: 1884–2013. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 61(1), 50–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2014.950581

Takahasi, Y. (2004). Public–private partnership as an example of flood control measures in Japan. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 20(1), 97–106. https://doi.org/10.1080/07900620310001635638

Takeuchi, K. (2002). Flood management in Japan – from rivers to basins. Water International, 27(1), 20–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060208686974

Teng, J., Jakeman, A. J., Vaze, J., Croke, B. F., Dutta, D., & Kim, S. (2017). Flood inundation modelling: A review of methods, recent advances and uncertainty analysis. Environmental Modelling & Software, 90, 201–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.01.006

Trenberth, K. E. (2011). Changes in precipitation with climate change. Climate Research, 47(1–2), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.3354/cr00953

United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Risk Reduction. (2009). 2009 UNISDR terminology on disaster risk reduction. https://www.preventionweb.net/files/7817_UNISDRTerminologyEnglish.pdf

van Wesenbeeck, B. K., Mulder, J. P., Marchand, M., Reed, D. J., de Vries, M. B., de Vriend, H. J., & Herman, P. M. (2014). Damming deltas: A practice of the past? Towards nature-based flood defenses. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 140, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2013.12.031

Vietz, G. J., Rutherfurd, I. D., Fletcher, T. D., & Walsh, C. J. (2016). Thinking outside the channel: Challenges and opportunities for protection and restoration of stream morphology in urbanizing catchments. Landscape and Urban Planning, 145, 34–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.09.004

Wahlstrom, M., & Guha-Sapir, D. (2015). The human cost of weather-related disasters 1995–2015. Geneva, Switzerland. https://www.unisdr.org/2015/docs/climatechange/COP21_WeatherDisastersReport_2015_FINAL.pdf

Wallingford, H. R. (2002). Risk, performance and uncertainty in flood and coastal defence – a review (Report No. FD2302/TR1, HR Wallingford Report SR 587) (Second Draft). https://www.gov.uk/flood-and-coastal-erosion-risk-management-research-reports/risk-performance-and-uncertainty-in-flood-and-coastal-defence-review

Warner, J. F., van Buuren, A., & Edelenbos, J. (2012). Making space for the river (Vol. 11). IWA Publishing.

Watson, D., & Adams, M. (2012). Design for flooding: Architecture, landscape, and urban design for climate change. John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118259870

Wong, T. H. (2006). An overview of water sensitive urban design practices in Australia. Water Practice and Technology, 1(1).

Woods-Ballard, B., Kellagher, R., Martin, P., Jefferies, C., Bray, R., & Shaffer, P. (2007). The SuDS manual (C 697). CIRIA.

Zhai, X., & Lange, E. (2020). Using social media to explore perceptions of ecosystem services by nature-based solution projects. Landscape Architecture Frontiers, 8(3), 58–77. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-LAF-1-020030

Zhai, X., & Lange, E. (2021). The influence of Covid-19 on perceived health effects of wetland parks in China. Wetlands, 41, 101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-021-01505-7