Wood-derived biochar influences nutrient use efficiency of heavy metals in spinach (spinacia oleracea) under groundwater and wastewater irrigation
Abstract
Present study analysed the influence of slow-pyrolyzed wood-derived biochar on growth performance and heavy metal accumulation in the leaves of spinach grown under groundwater and wastewater irrigation. Biochar was applied in soil as 5% (~30 t·ha−1) and 10% (~60 t·ha−1) amendment. According to results, plant biomass was significantly higher under wastewater than groundwater irrigation. Biochar amendment increased significantly the aboveground plant biomass and root biomass and promoted water use efficiency (WUE). Under groundwater irrigation, biochar amendment at 10% application rate, increased the leaf area index (P < 0.05), while amendment of biochar at all application rates significantly reduced leaf area index under wastewater irrigation (P < 0.05). Application of biochar also reduced accumulation of rhizosphere soil around roots under wastewater irrigation, indicating less exudate production in the rhizosphere of plants. Biochar significantly reduced the concentration of copper (Cu) in under wastewater irrigation. Biochar increased the nutrient use efficiency (NUE) of plants for zinc (Zn) and Cu under wastewater irrigation.
Keyword : wood biochar, rhizosphere soil, water use efficiency, nutrient use efficiency, heavy metal accumulation, spinach
How to Cite
Ghori, S. A., Gul, S., Tahir, S., Sohail, M., Batool, S., Shahwani, M. N., Bano, G., & Butt, M.- ur-R. (2019). Wood-derived biochar influences nutrient use efficiency of heavy metals in spinach (spinacia oleracea) under groundwater and wastewater irrigation. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 27(3), 144-152. https://doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2019.10792
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Yamato, M., Okimori, Y., Wibowo, I. F., Anshori, S., & Ogawa, M. (2006). Effects of the application of charred bark of Acaciamangium on the yield of maize, cowpea and peanut and soil chemical properties in south Sumatra, Indonesia. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 52, 489-495. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-0765.2006.00065.x
Yabanli, M., Yozukmaz, A., & Sel, F. (2014). Heavy metal accumulation in the leaves, stem and root of the invasive submerged macrophyte Myriophyllum spicatum L. (Haloragaceae): an example of Kadın Creek (Mugla, Turkey). Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 57, 434-440. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-8913201401962
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Ameloot, N., Sleutel, S., Case, S. D. C., Alberti, G., McNamara, N. P., Zavalloni, C., Vervisch, B., Vedove, G., & Neve, S. D. (2014). C mineralization and microbial activity in four biochar field experiments several years after incorporation. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 78, 195-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.08.004
Baltrėnaitė, E., Baltrėnas, P., & Lietuvninkas, A. (2016). Use of wood products for water and soil quality improvement. In The sustainable role of the tree in environmental protection technologies (pp. 185-248). Springer International Publishing Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25477-7_6
Chintala, R., Schumacher, T. E., McDonald, L. M., Clay, D. E., Malo, D. D., Papiernik, S. K., Clay, S. A., & Julson, J. L. (2014). Phosphorus sorption and availability from biochars and soil/ biochar mixtures. CLEAN Soil Air Water, 42(5), 626-634. https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.201300089
Dharmakeerthi, R., Chandrasiri, J., & Edirimanne, V. (2012). Effect of rubber wood biochar on nutrition and growth of nursery plants of Hevea brasiliensis established in an Ultisol. SpringerPlus, 1(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-1-84
Estefan, G., Sommer, R., & Ryan, J. (2013). Methods of soil, plant, and water analysis: a manual for the West Asia and North Africa region. International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Beirut, Lebanon.
Gul, S., & Whalen, J. K. (2013). Phenology, morphology, aboveground biomass and root-associated soil respiration of Arabidopsis thaliana down-regulated cell wall mutants of MYB75, KNAT7, and CCR1. Pedobiologia, 56(2), 69-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2012.11.001
Gul, S., Whalen, J. K., Thomas, B. W., Sachdeva, V., & Deng, H. (2015). Physico-chemical properties and microbial responses in biochar-amended soils: mechanisms and future directions. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 206, 46-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2015.03.015
Gul, S., & Whalen, J. K. (2016). Biochemical cycling of nitrogen and phosphorus cycling in biochar-amended soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 103, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.08.001
Li, P., Hu, C., Qi, X., Zhou, Y., Jianfeng, Z., & Zia, Z. (2015). Effect of reclaimed municipal wastewater irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on yield of tomato and nitrogen economy. Bangladesh Journal of Botany, 44(5), 699-708.
Liu, C., Liu, F., Ravnskov, S., Rubaek, G., Sun, Z., & Andersen, M. (2016). Impact of wood biochar and its interactions with mycorrhizal fungi, phosphorus fertilization and irrigation strategies on potato growth. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 203(2), 131-145. https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.12185
Lucchini, P., Quilliam, R. S., DeLuca, T. H., Vamerali, T., & Jones, D. L. (2014). Does biochar application alter heavy metal dynamics in agricultural soil? Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 184, 149-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2013.11.018
Lusiba, L., Odhiambo, J., & Ogola, J. (2018). Growth, yield and water use efficiency of chickpea (Cicer arietinum): response to biochar and phosphorus fertilizer application. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 64(6), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2017.1407027
Mia, S., Uddin, N., Hossain, S. A. A. M., Amin, B., Mete, F. Z., & Hiemstra, T. (2015). Production of biochar for soil application: a comparative study of three kiln models. Pedosphere, 25(5), 696-702. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0160(15)30050-3
Mensah, I. S., & Okonwu, K. (2016). Effect of Pentaclethra macrophylla biochar on some growth indices of Capsicum Annuum L. in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. European Journal of Physical and Agricultural Sciences, 4(2), 10-19.
Nigussie, A., Kissi, E., Misganaw, M., & Ambaw, G. (2012). Effect of biochar application on soil properties and nutrient uptake of lettuces (Lactuca sativa) grown in chromium polluted soils. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Science, 12(3), 369-376.
Pivato, B., Bru, D., Busset, H., Deau, F., Matejicek, A., Philippot, L., & Moreau, D. (2017). Positive effects of plant association on rhizosphere microbial communities depend on plant species involved and soil nitrogen level. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 114, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.06.018
Prendergast-Miller, M. T., Duvall, M., & Sohi, S. P. (2013). Biochar-root interactions are mediated by biochar nutrient content and impacts on soil nutrient availability. European Journal of Soil Science, 65(1), 173-185. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12079
Qureshi, A. S., Hussain, M. I., Ismail, S., & Khan, Q. M. (2016). Evaluating heavy metal accumulation and potential health risks in vegetables irrigated with treated wastewater. Chemosphere, 163, 54-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.07.073
Raja, S., Cheema, H. M. N., Babar, S., Khan, A. A., Murtaza, G., & Aslam, U. (2015). Socio-economic background of wastewater irrigation and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in crops and vegetables. Agricultural Water Management, 158, 26-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2015.04.004
Rechcigl, J. E., & Payne, G. G. (1989). Comparison of a microwave digestion system to other digestion methods for plant tissue analysis. In Annual meetings of American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America and Soil Science Society of America, Las Vegas Nevada. Retrieved from http://www.cem.de/documents/pdf/publikation/digestion/rd026.pdf
Tahir, S., Gul, S., Ghori, S. A., Sohail, M., Batool, S., Jamil, N., Shahwani, M. N., & Butt, M. R. (2018). Biochar influences growth performance and heavy metal accumulation in spinach under wastewaterirrigation. Cogent Food and Agriculture, 4, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2018.1467253
Wagner, A., & Kaupenjohann, M. (2013). Suitability of biochars (pyro- and hydrochars) for metal immobilization on former sewage-field soils. European Journal of Soil Science, 65, 139-148. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12090
Yamato, M., Okimori, Y., Wibowo, I. F., Anshori, S., & Ogawa, M. (2006). Effects of the application of charred bark of Acaciamangium on the yield of maize, cowpea and peanut and soil chemical properties in south Sumatra, Indonesia. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 52, 489-495. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-0765.2006.00065.x
Yabanli, M., Yozukmaz, A., & Sel, F. (2014). Heavy metal accumulation in the leaves, stem and root of the invasive submerged macrophyte Myriophyllum spicatum L. (Haloragaceae): an example of Kadın Creek (Mugla, Turkey). Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 57, 434-440. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-8913201401962
Zhang, G., Guo, X., Zhao, Z., He, Q., Wang, S., Zhu, Y., Yan, Y., Liu, X., Sun, K., Zhao, Y., & Qian, T. (2016). Effects of biochars on the availability of heavy metals to ryegrass in an alkaline contaminated soil. Environmental Pollution, 218, 513-522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.07.031