Entrepreneurial business: genetic lottery or a choice
Abstract
Research dedicated to entrepreneurship has, from the very beginning, created a gender gap as it was mostly considered to be the masculine one. Studies with the main focus on psychological characteristics of entrepreneurs are mostly based on a comparison with other professionals, rarely approaching gender differences. Using the mixture of general personal and entrepreneurial traits, this study investigates entrepreneurial dilemma and answers the question whether entrepreneurship can or cannot be gendered, using a sample of potential entrepreneurs. Based on the multivariate analysis of variance, this study empirically proves that there are no statistically significant differences between the genders according to any criteria, except for the criterion of worry, which is more pronounced in women than in men. This study offers a good basis for the implementation of the existing models in different areas of entrepreneurship research, extending its understanding from the gender perspective. From the practical point of view, it provides a deeper understanding of entrepreneurial traits that might be critical for designing support and educational programs for enhancing (female) entrepreneurship.
Keyword : gender, entrepreneurship, personality, individual differences, Big Five, entrepreneurial traits
How to Cite
Nikolić, S., Kovijanić, T., Mladenović, M., & Ćelić, Đorđe. (2020). Entrepreneurial business: genetic lottery or a choice. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 21(1), 222-240. https://doi.org/10.3846/jbem.2020.11763
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Chaganti, R. (1986). Management in women-owned enterprises. Journal of Small Business Management, 24(4), 18–29.
Čolović, P., Smederevac, S., & Mitrović, D. (2014). Velikih pet plus dva: skraćena verzija. Primenjena psihologija, Dodatak, 7(3-1), 227–254. https://doi.org/10.19090/pp.2014.3-1.227-254
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Four ways five factors are basic. Personality and Individual Differences, 13(6), 653–665. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(92)90236-I
Direnfeld, D. M., & Roberts, J. E. (2006). Mood congruent memory in dysphoria: The roles of state affect and cognitive style. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(9), 1275–1285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2005.03.014
Dugas, M. J., Schwartz, A., & Francis, K. (2004). Brief report: Intolerance of uncertainty, worry, and depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 28(6), 835–842. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-004-0669-0
Fairlie, R. W., & Holleran, W. (2012). Entrepreneurship training, risk aversion and other personality traits: Evidence from a random experiment. Journal of Economic Psychology, 33(2), 366–378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2011.02.001
Farrukh, M., Alzubi, Y., Shahzad, I. A., Waheed, A., & Kanwal, N. (2018). Entrepreneurial intentions: The role of personality traits in perspective of theory of planned behaviour. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 12(3), 399–414. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJIE-01-2018-0004
Fleeson, W. (2001). Toward a structure-and process-integrated view of personality: Traits as density distributions of states. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(6), 1011–1027. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.80.6.1011
Freeston, M., Rhéaume, J., Letarte, H., Dugas, M. J., & Ladouceur, R. (1994). Why do people worry? Personality and Individual Differences, 17(6), 791–802. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(94)90048-5
Gartner, W. B. (1985). A conceptual framework for describing the phenomenon of new venture creation. The Academy of Management Review, 10(4), 696–706. https://doi.org/10.2307/258039
Gavrilov-Jerković, V., Jovanović, V., Žuljević, D., & Brdarić, D. (2013). When less is more: A short version of the personal optimism scale and the self-efficacy optimism scale. Journal of Happiness Studies, 15(2), 455–474. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-013-9432-0
Greene, F. J., Han, L., & Marlow, S. (2013). Like mother, like daughter? Analyzing maternal influences upon women’s entrepreneurial propensity. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(4), 687–711. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2011.00484.x
Gunkel, M., Lusk, E. J., Wolff, B., & Li, F. (2007). Gender‐specific effects at work: An empirical study of four countries. Gender, Work & Organization, 14(1), 56–79. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0432.2007.00332.x
Gürol, Y., & Atsan, N. (2006). Entrepreneurial characteristics amongst university students: Some insights for entrepreneurship education and training in Turkey. Education+Training, 48(1), 25–38.
https://doi.org/10.1108/00400910610645716
Hisrich, R. D. (1990). Entrepreneurship/intrapreneurship. American Psychologist, 45(2), 209–222. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.45.2.209
Jennings, J. E., & Brush, C. G. (2013). Research on women entrepreneurs: challenges to (and from) the broader entrepreneurship literature? The Academy of Management Annals, 7(1), 663–715. https://doi.org/10.5465/19416520.2013.782190
John, O. P., Naumann, L. A. P., & Soto, C. J. (2008). Paradigm shift to the integrative Big Five trait taxonomy. In O. P. John, R. W. Robins, & L. A. Pervin (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (pp. 114–158). The Guilford Press.
Joksimović, S., & Janjetović, D. (2008). Pojam o sebi i vrednosne orijentacije adolescenata. Zbornik Instituta za pedagoška istraživanja, 40(2), 288–305. https://doi.org/10.2298/ZIPI0802288J
Jovanović, J., & Jerković, I. (2012). Conscientious students: more successful at school, none the happier for it. Zbornik Instituta za pedagoška istraživanja, 44(1), 59–73. https://doi.org/10.2298/ZIPI1201059J
Kalnins, A., & Williams, M. (2014). When do female-owned businesses out-survive male-owned businesses? A disaggregated approach by industry and geography. Journal of Business Venturing, 29(6), 822–835. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2013.12.001
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